Aqua Answers: PFAS and Biosolids

Dear Aqua Answers,

Please help! I have multiple questions about PFAS and biosolids. 

Thanks,

Newt R. Sludge

__________________________________________________________________________

Dear Newt,

I have listed your questions and the answers below:

Question 1:

Can you remind me, what are biosolids? 

Biosolids are a product of domestic wastewater treatment processes. They are rich in nutrients and organic matter; farmers can use them as fertilizer to improve soil quality. The Colorado Department of Public Health’s Water Quality Control Division and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency require biosolids to meet regulatory requirements for pathogens, pollutants, and land application to protect human health and the environment. Biosolids produced in Colorado are either land applied to agricultural fields as a soil amendment/fertilizer (70+%), composted (20+%), or disposed of in landfills.

Question 2:

How do PFAS get into biosolids?

Industrial, commercial, and residential use and disposal of PFAS products can allow these chemicals to enter wastewater treatment facilities. As a result, researchers have found PFAS in treated wastewater and biosolids. PFAS can move in the environment and potentially impact the soil, water, and crops.

Question 3:

What is the department’s approach to reducing PFAS levels in biosolids? 

The department has taken a proactive approach that aligns with EPA’s newly released Draft Sewage Sludge Risk Assessment recommendations and focuses on measuring and understanding levels of PFAS in biosolids and identifying and reducing significant sources of PFAS migrating to wastewater treatment facilities. The department began implementing its Biosolids-PFAS Interim Strategy on January 1, 2023. It establishes monitoring requirements for biosolids preparers and a threshold level for requiring biosolids preparers to develop and implement a source control program to evaluate potential industrial or commercial sources of PFAS. More information about our interim strategy and biosolids test results the department has received are available on our PFAS and biosolids web page.

Question 4:

What can people living in our beautiful state do to reduce the amount of PFAS entering the environment? 

Over the past several years, Colorado has committed to identifying where PFAS are entering the environment, stopping new releases, and protecting Coloradans. In many ways, Colorado has led the way in its efforts to track and reduce exposure to PFAS. The department is now focusing on carrying out actions in the 2024 PFAS Action Plan to continue our work as a leader among states addressing widespread PFAS pollution. To learn more, please visit the 2024 PFAS Action Plan webpage.

To protect the environment and reduce the amount of PFAS entering our wastewater treatment plants, we need to phase out the production and use of products containing these chemicals and find safer alternatives. Recent legislation in Colorado has banned the sale of certain products containing PFAS. We encourage people to get the facts and take steps to limit their exposure from other sources and avoid PFAS when purchasing consumer goods and new household products. This will protect your health and further prevent the chemicals from entering our environment. We have resources at our PFAS public health website.  

Sincerely,

Aqua Answers

Early 2025 CoWARN updates

The WQCD is sending the below updates in partnership with the CoWARN steering committee. We encourage all water and wastewater providers in Colorado to join the mutual aid network to enhance your preparedness for emergency incident preparation, response, and recovery. Please reach out to CoWARN administrator Kyra Gregory with any questions or if you have interest in joining the CoWARN steering committee made up of volunteers from water/wastewater providers in CO: kyra.gregory@state.co.us 303-908-7519. 

New CoWARN website launched, take action today!

Colorado's Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network launched a new and much-improved website in fall 2023! However, the new website could not retain all the information from the old website. So, all CoWARN members need to please update their membership profiles on the new website. So far, only 63 out of 246 CoWARN members have updated their membership information. Because of this there have been multiple CoWARN activations that many CoWARN members did not receive: Two Buttes 8/27/24, Gardner 8/29/24, Genoa 11/19/24. If you did not receive text or email notification of these activations, please take action today to update your contact information and system membership through the new CoWARN website.

How does the new website work?

As a CoWARN member your water or wastewater facility will have a profile on the website. Each member profile will assign primary users who can activate CoWARN to send out email/text messages to the CoWARN network. As a user under your facility’s membership, you will need to: 

1. Reset your personal password
2. Navigate to your dashboard by clicking on the red icon in the top right hand corner of the screen. 
3. Update your personal information - be sure to add a cell phone number as you will need to receive a text message to log into the site. 
4. Create your facility’s membership profile - Under “my systems” click “Add”. You are now the primary user for the membership profile. 
5. Assign other primary users by clicking “Add” under “System Contacts” 

For more information and videos explaining the process, please follow these instructions and reach out to Kyra Gregory with any questions or issues you encounter. 

New Mutual Aid Agreement 

The CoWARN steering committee has revised the CoWARN Mutual Aid and Assistance Agreement. Please sign and return a copy of the updated agreement to CoWARN administrator Kyra Gregory (kyra.gregory@state.co.us). See new MAA here. Please note this is the new agreement that went into effect on January 8th, 2025 regardless of received signatures. 

A short description of the updates is below. 

• Correct Colorado Revised Statutes references 
• Revise definitions of operational structure to better reflect current operations and create flexibility for any future structural changes
• Remove specific language regarding agreement expiration
• Clarify CoWARN’s role in activations and that CoWARN is not a guarantor in any transactions nor an administrator of transactions.